SPORTS MARKETING JOURNAL
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ISSN : 1464-6668
Library: £109
Standard: £35

International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship

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Back issue   Volume 5   Number 3   October 2003

Editorial
Editorial
more...

Just as I was settling down in front of my computer screen to write this issue's editorial, the light flickered…then flickered again and suddenly my screen got black. This was the beginning of what was later named “the biggest electricity blackout” in North America. Naturally, over the next few hours, while the daylight was wearing thin, the editorial was the last thing on my mind. Like many others I was busy preparing for a night with no electricity. Like many others I was glued to a small battery-operated radio for any news or instructions. Later, as I walked down to the store, I observe people carrying large packs of beer, water bottles, ice and bags of snacks. “This looks and feels a lot like Super Bowl Sunday…or the World Cup finals …” I found myself saying to a neighbor, and he nodded his head with agreement.

With very little to do over the next few hours (with no TV, no light to read by, and no internet accesses) I began to ponder the connection between the blackout and major sporting events. While initially this thought sounds at the very least a little strange, the more I thought about it the more parallels and similarities I came up with:

• Which other type of event has at a specific point in time the same basic impact on 50 million people (or more), from all walk of life and across different regions and geographic areas?

• In what other instance is such a large group of people sharing one wish or has the same objective? (Let it be light during the blackout; let my team, or my athlete win during the sport event).

• Which other event make so many people talk and share their experience with other days after the event is over.

As the hours went by with no power, I started to pay more attention to the voices that came from the tiny battery operated radio. The more I listen the more I became convinced that many others, while perhaps not expressing it explicitly, felt the same way about the similarity between the blackout and their favorite sport event.

Here are just few spontaneous quotes that reporters, and ordinary people used to describe how they felt during the blackout: - To describe the mass exit of people on foot from Manhattans - “….The Brooklyn Bridge looked exactly like it looks during the New York Marathon…” - To provide an idea on the severity of the traffic jams caused by the blackout- “…The ramp to the George Washington Bridge was jammed like after a Yankees game….” - To emphasize the extent of the blackout - “….Both, Yankee stadium and Shea Stadium went totally dark…” - To demonstrate that life returned to normal after the power was restored in the next day – “…even the New York Mets game will be played this evening…” T O R I A L My initial reaction to the blackout “…it feels like Super Bowl Sunday..” didn’t look so strange anymore.

Except of expressing my own personal experience and feeling, what should we all, practitioners and researchers in the field of Sports Marketing, take out from the blackout? It should challenge us by making us realize the significant effect our effort might have on so many people. The blackout was a major negative unplanned and uncontrolled event. For about 24 hours it impacted the life of over 50 million people by making them unhappy, fearful, frustrated, angry and inconvenienced. We are in the business of designing and implementing positive, planned, and controlled events. Like the blackout these events are going to effect millions for people simultaneously.

It is our challenge to make sure that the resulted impact of our event will make people happy, secure, excited and comfortable. So, keep up your good work in designing, financing, organizing, implementing researching, writing, teaching, sponsoring and marketing our kind of positive event.

David Shani

Editor, Kean University August 2003

Interview
Paper 1
Questioning the Name Game: An Event Study Analysis of Stadium Naming Rights Sponsorship Announcements
Authors
Karen Becker-Olsen, Stern Business School
,
,
Abstract
Stadium naming rights programs have proliferated over the past decade, yet we have no direct evidence that these types of sponsorship programs help companies develop their long-term brand equity or even provide a short-term boost to corporate value. This paper examines the impact that naming rights programs have had on the stock values of the corporate sponsors. Using event study analysis, it is found that there are mixed responses to these types of programs. A discussion is provided which helps to explain the mixed results and provides communications mangers with some suggestions on creating more effective naming rights programs.
Paper 2
Sports Sponsorship and Brand Personality - The Ryder Cup Team and IBM
Authors
John Deane, University College Worcester
Gareth Smith, Loughborough University Business School
Andrew Adams, Southampton Institute
Abstract
This study has sought to examine the issue of 'brand image' and its potential impact on sports sponsorship. In particular, brand personality of a sports event and sponsor are considered in relation to sponsor-event fit and image transfer. The study proposes that if there are strong links in terms of brand personality between the Ryder Cup and IBM brands, then the stronger will be the shared 'brand image' and impact of the sponsorship relationship in the minds of consumers. For the purposes of this study it is assumed the sports event of The Ryder Cup is perceived as a 'brand' in its own right.
Paper 3
National Versus Regional Sports Marketing: An Interpretation of 'Think Globally, Act Locally'
Authors
Cheri L. Bradish, Brock University
Julie A. Stevens, Brock University
Anna H. Lathrop, Brock University
Abstract
Few would question that one of the most significant determinants of growth in the sport industry-from a sport management, marketing, and sponsorship perspective-has been the influence of globalization. Product expansion and communication messages have targeted the 'global consumer,' and the recognition of a 'global brand' has come to epitomize successful sport marketing. Or, has it? Although global management practices present the possibility of expanded consumer markets, a number of marketing strategists have recently begun to question the use of standardized global marketing campaigns that lack national or regional distinctiveness. At issue, is the positioning of 'regionalism' within global sport marketing strategies. This paper will investigate the role of 'regionalism' in sport marketing through; a) an examination of the regional sport marketing strategy of a leading Canadian all-sports television cable network (Rogers Sportsnet) that targets four distinct regions across Canada, and b) a survey of Canadian Generation Y youth sport participation and spectatorship trends across four regions. Implications for regional positioning within sport marketing strategies will also be discussed.
Paper 4
The inaugural (and only) season of the Xtreme Football League: A case study in sports entertainment
Authors
Keith A. Willoughby, Bucknell University
Chad Mancini, Octagon Marketing
,
Abstract
The Xtreme Football League began play in 2001, but lasted for only a single season. It combined the marketing savvy of the World Wrestling Federation with NBC's broadcasting expertise to produce a distinctive sports entertainment product. This case study describes the events that lead to the introduction of the new league, and the league's only season. The factors that contributed to the demise of the XFL are discussed. Some implications of this short "experiment" with a new sports-entertainment league to sports marketers are provided.
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